On 1 July 2020, Poland’s long-awaited specialised IP courts and new types of IP-related court actions came into operation, under new legislation which amends the Civil Procedure Code. The courts will hear all skirmishes relating to intellectual property, as well as unfair competition disputes. The reform also introduced special divisions in five district courts in Warsaw, Poznań, Gdasńk, Lublin and Katowice; and in two courts of appeal in Warsaw and Poznań. These changes aim to advance brand protection and enforcement in the country, while enhancing uniformity of case law and legal certainty. While practitioners are eagerly anticipating the opportunities that the new regime should present, they are also bracing themselves for the initial process of ironing out possible kinks.